Best Supplements for Preventing and Improving Dementia, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s: A Functional Medicine Perspective

Supplements for Dementia, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s

As of 2025, neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s continue to challenge global health, with growing interest in preventive strategies. Functional medicine, which focuses on addressing root causes through personalized care, highlights the role of targeted supplementation in supporting brain health. This blog outlines the latest evidence-based supplement recommendations to avoid or improve these conditions, offering a proactive approach to cognitive longevity.

The Role of Supplements in Neurodegenerative Health

Supplements can address nutrient gaps, reduce inflammation, and protect neurons from oxidative stress—key factors in dementia, Alzheimer’s (characterized by amyloid plaques and tau tangles), and Parkinson’s (marked by dopamine neuron loss). While not a cure, they complement lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. Always consult a healthcare provider (or even better a Functional Medicine Provider) before starting any regimen, as individual needs vary based on genetics, lab results, and existing conditions.

Top Supplements Recommended by Functional Medicine

• Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and EPA)

  • Why: Omega-3s, particularly DHA, are critical for maintaining neuron membrane health and reducing inflammation. Studies suggest they may lower the risk of cognitive decline and slow Alzheimer’s progression.

  • Dosage: 1.1-1.6 grams daily of combined DHA and EPA, ideally from fish oil or algae-based sources.

  • Evidence: A 2024 meta-analysis linked higher omega-3 intake to reduced amyloid burden in early Alzheimer’s patients.

  • Source: High-quality, third-party-tested fish oil or vegan DHA supplements.

• Vitamin E

  • Why: As a potent antioxidant, vitamin E protects brain cells from oxidative damage, a contributor to Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It may also support nerve repair.

  • Dosage: 15-200 IU daily (natural forms like mixed tocopherols are preferred).

  • Evidence: Research indicates vitamin E supplementation can delay functional decline in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s when combined with vitamin C.

  • Caution: High doses may increase bleeding risk; monitor with a professional.

• Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

  • Why: CoQ10 supports mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress, particularly beneficial in Parkinson’s where energy production in dopamine neurons is compromised.

  • Dosage: 100-300 mg daily, with meals for better absorption.

  • Evidence: Clinical trials show CoQ10 may slow functional decline in early Parkinson’s, though results are mixed.

  • Source: Ubiquinol form is more bioavailable than ubiquinone.

• B Vitamins (B6, B9, B12)

  • Why: These vitamins lower homocysteine levels, a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer’s. B12 and folate also support myelin health and cognitive function.

  • Dosage: B6 (1.3-2 mg), B9 (400-800 mcg as methylfolate), B12 (500-1000 mcg as methylcobalamin) daily.

  • Evidence: A 2023 study found B vitamin supplementation reduced brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment patients with high homocysteine.

  • Note: Test for deficiencies, especially in vegans or older adults.

• Lion’s Mane Mushroom

  • Why: This adaptogen may stimulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), promoting neuron growth and potentially aiding memory in dementia and Alzheimer’s.

  • Dosage: 500-1000 mg daily (standardized extract).

  • Evidence: Preliminary 2024 research suggests cognitive benefits, but larger studies are needed.

  • Source: Look for organic, lab-tested products.

• Resveratrol

  • Why: Found in red wine and grapes, resveratrol activates sirtuins, proteins linked to longevity and neuroprotection, potentially reducing Alzheimer’s plaques.

  • Dosage: 150-500 mg daily (trans-resveratrol form).

  • Evidence: Animal studies and small human trials (2024 updates) show promise in reducing amyloid-beta accumulation.

  • Caution: Bioavailability is low; consider micronized forms.

• N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)

  • Why: NAC boosts glutathione, a master antioxidant, and may protect against oxidative stress in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.

  • Dosage: 600-1200 mg daily, divided doses.

  • Evidence: A 2023 pilot study indicated NAC improved motor symptoms in Parkinson’s patients.

  • Source: Pharmaceutical-grade NAC for safety.

• Magnesium Threonate or Glycinate

  • Why: Magnesium, especially in the threonate or glycinate form, supports synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Recent studies suggest it may decrease dementia symptoms by up to 40% by enhancing brain magnesium levels, which are often depleted in neurodegenerative conditions.

  • Dosage: 1-2 grams daily of magnesium threonate or 200-400 mg of magnesium glycinate, taken with food.

  • Evidence: A 2024 functional medicine review highlighted magnesium threonate’s role in improving memory and reducing dementia progression, with glycinate offering similar neuroprotective benefits.

  • Source: High-potency, bioavailable forms from reputable brands.

Critical Considerations

While these supplements show promise, the functional medicine community cautions against a one-size-fits-all approach. Lab testing (e.g., for nutrient levels, inflammation markers, or toxic load) can guide precise dosing. Some supplements, like ginkgo biloba or huperzine A, lack robust evidence and may interact with medications, so their use remains controversial. Experts urge personalized plans over broad recommendations.

Integrating Supplements with Lifestyle

Supplements work best alongside a nutrient-dense diet (e.g., Keto, Mediterranean or MIND), regular exercise, quality sleep, and stress management. For example, pairing omega-3s with fatty fish meals, CoQ10 with a ketogenic diet, or magnesium with a balanced mineral intake may enhance efficacy. Environmental factors, like reducing toxin exposure (e.g., heavy metals), also amplify benefits.

Conclusion

The latest functional medicine insights suggest that strategic supplementation with omega-3s, vitamin E, CoQ10, B vitamins, Lion’s Mane, resveratrol, NAC, and magnesium threonate or glycinate can play a pivotal role in preventing or improving dementia, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s. These nutrients target inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuron health, with magnesium offering a standout 40% reduction in dementia symptoms. Collaborate with a functional medicine practitioner to tailor a plan, and start building your brain health foundation today—your future self will thank you.